Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry

Jean Bruno Bassiloua ¹, Jean Bruno Bassilou ¹, Thomas Silou ², Thomas Silou ³, Hubert Makomo ¹

Affiliations
1 Ph.D. Program (T2A) Food Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (UMNG) BP: 69 Brazzaville, Congo., IN
2 Ph.D. Program (T2A) Food Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (UMNG) BP: 69 Brazzaville, Congo, IN
3 Higher School of Technology “Les Cataractes” (EPrES) BP: 389 Brazzaville, Congo., IN
4 ph.D. Program (T2A) Food Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques (UMNG) BP: 69 Brazzaville, Congo., IN

Abstract

The hydrodistillation extraction kinetics of Xylopia aethiopica fruit essential oil were modeled according to the phenomenological approach applied to Fick diffusion model, Peleg sorption model and Michaelis-Menton enzymatic model. All these models fitted experimental data. The assumptions underpining each model highlight the understanding of the process. It emerges that the essential oil releases completely at the washing step (> 90 %) with a rate constant 105 higher than those of diffusion step. This latter is the limiting step of the process. The end of the process can be estimated at 18.4 min (10t1/2) or at 36.8 min (20 t1/2) with a maximum yield varying between 3.84 and 5.09 % for the 3 studied samples. Exploring the mechanism of extraction by different complementary models improves significantly the understanding of the process and reinforces the predictive goal of this study

Keywords

Kinetics, Modeling, Hydrodistillation, Xylopia aethiopica, Congo Basin

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Andeouene Baou ¹, Andeouene Baou ², Andeouene Baou ³, Jean Bruno Bassiloua ², Jean Bruno Bassiloua ⁴, Thomas Silou ², Thomas Silou ³, Elie Douguirgue ¹, Kouvourbe Kedeu ⁵, Taba Kalulu ⁶

Affiliations
1 Institute National des Sciences Agronomiques et des Technologies, Agroalimentaires de Lai(INSATAL) Tchad., IN
2 Faculté des Sciences et Technique (UMNG) BP 69 Brazzaville Congo., IN
3 Ecole Supérieure de Technologie des Cataractes (EPrES) BP 389 Brazzaville Congo., IN
4 Ecole Supérieure de Technologie des Cataractes (EPrES) BP 389 Brazzaville Congo ., IN
5 Institute National des Sciences Agronomiques et des Technologies, Agroalimentaires de Lai(INSATAL) Tchad, IN
6 no affiliation, IN

Abstract

The Cymbopogon flexuosus species introduced in Congo-Brazzaville (equatorial climate) to solve the low production problem of Cymbopogon citratus, a source of citral, was acclimatized in Chad (subtropical climate) for the same reasons. The plant was perfectly adapted with a very high production of biomass. Its low essential oil extraction yield (0.89% DM) compared to the Cymbopogon citratus local species (1.26%) is very largely balanced by its very high biomass productivity. The extraction of essential oil fits Milojevic's pseudo first order model with rate constant k = 0.0087 min-1 (R2 = 0.9816) for Cymbopogon flexuosus vs k = 0.0109 min-1 (R² = 0.922), for local C. citratus. It also fits Peleg's model with a kinetic constant k1 = 217.94 min %-1 and an extraction capacity constant K2 = 0.6022%-1 , which leads to a pseudo first order kinetic constant of hydrodistillation k = k1/K2 = 0.0028 min-1 . For local C. citratus, these values are respectively k1 = 108.94 min %- 1 ; K2 = 0.4971%-1 and k = 0.0046 min-1 with R² = 0.9885. Michael Menton's model, which is also fitted, leads to the kinetic constant Km/Ymax = 237 min %-1 and the yield Ymax = 1.9% with R² = 0.9862, for C. flexuosus and Km/Ymax = 113.12 min %-1 , Ymax = 2.1% (R² = 0.9952) for C. citratus. These results corroborate those obtained on the same species acclimatized in Congo-Brazzaville.

Keywords

Modeling, Extraction, Essential oil, Cymbopogon, Chad.

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